Citadel of AleppoAleppo, Syria العربية

Sources and credits

Where every fact on this site comes from.

Nothing on this website is written from memory. The historical text is compiled from the published record, and this page names it, so that anyone — a journalist, a student, a scholar — can check us.

Principal sources

Archnet
Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT — plans, photographs and the record of the Historic Cities Programme
Discover Islamic Art (MWNF)
Museum With No Frontiers — the dated architectural record of the Zangid, Ayyubid and Mamluk phases
Syrian Heritage Archive
Museum für Islamische Kunst, Berlin, with the German Archaeological Institute — the Aleppo catalogue
Kohlmeyer excavation reports
The temple of the storm god, excavated from 1996
ICRC, Broken Cities
Three-dimensional documentation of the Old City with residents' accounts

Points still being verified

Seven points are disputed between sources and are marked on the relevant pages rather than silently resolved: the height of the mound; whether the entrance passage turns five times or six; how much of the bridge is Ayyubid and how much a later Mamluk rebuild; whether the Throne Hall was begun in 1406 or 1415; the account of the master builder's death in the collapse of 1203–04; the reading of King Taita's kingdom in the Luwian inscription; and the future of the 1980 theatre.

Each is with the antiquities authority. This page will record the answers as they come, including where we were wrong.

Images

Image credits and licences will be listed here.